武夷岩茶氨基酸组分及含量分析

采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定分析大红袍、水仙、肉桂、雀舌、金毛猴和矮脚乌龙等6个品种武夷岩茶的游离氨基酸组分,结果表明:6个品种武夷岩茶均含有17种氨基酸,氨基酸含量品种间差异显著,武夷岩茶的游离氨基酸总量为75.82~107.12 mg/g;其中含量较高的为谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和亮氨酸。武夷岩茶的氨基酸中含有各种人体必需氨基酸,且比例均衡;必需氨基酸总量占30.47%~40.46%,药用氨基酸含量丰富,占氨基酸总量的61.29%~63.90%;呈鲜味的氨基酸含量也占氨基酸总量的23.80%~28.63%,因此,武夷岩茶具有较高的营养价值和保健功能。     

论“茶百戏”作为一种老年人新型娱乐方式的可行性

“茶百戏”是盛行于我国宋代的经典茶汤游戏，融茶艺与书法绘画于一体，既能饮茶保健，又可陶冶情操，雅俗共赏，情趣盎然。本文从关注老年人的身心健康出发，通过对武夷山老年人的娱乐方式的问卷调查和焦点访谈，发现了老年人现有的娱乐方式的不足，从而别出心裁地试图搭建“茶百戏”通向老年人茶叶消费群体的桥梁，在论证将传统茶百戏引入老年人的娱乐生活中的可行性的基础上，提出了相应的改进建议，因此，本文对于传承和弘扬“茶百戏”文化遗产及创新老年人娱乐方式均具有重要的指导价值。     

中国茶向世界传播的途径与方式

中国是茶的原产地。现在茶树、茶客遍布世界,世界上有关茶的语音、种茶知识、制茶方法、品茶技艺、饮茶风俗及茶文化都与中国关系密切,茶树也直接或间接由中国引种。这一局面的产生是中国茶向世界传播的结果。千余年来,中国茶借助文化交流、经贸活动、人口迁徙等途径向世界传播,传播途径具有立体性、多样性、复杂性等特点,宗教人员、外交人员、经贸商人、移民侨民成为茶传播的主体。与此相适应,中国茶向世界传播的方式主要有知识方式、消费方式、产业方式,传播方式呈现直接传播、间接传播、综合传播相结合,反映了茶叶传播循序发展的递进过程。     

玉米pTAC2影响苗期叶片叶绿素合成的转录组分析

【目的】叶绿素是参与光合途径最为重要的光合色素。叶绿体的发育及叶绿素的合成在很大程度上依赖于质体基因组与核基因组之间的双向信号传导来精确协调基因表达。通过对白化表型的CRISPR/Cas9-ZmpTAC2转基因阳性纯合突变材料进行RNA-seq研究,筛选和鉴定参与叶绿素合成的相关基因,为明确叶绿素的合成途径奠定基础。【方法】以CRISPR/Cas9-ZmpTAC2玉米转基因编辑纯合突变株系为研究材料,使用透射电镜观察叶绿体超微结构和分光光度法测定叶片叶绿素含量,确定叶绿体发育状态及叶绿素合成情况。对转基因阴性材料（CK）和CRISPR/Cas9-ZmpTAC2转基因纯合编辑材料（zmptac2）苗期叶片取样进行转录组测序。通过生物信息学分析,寻找CK与zmptac2间差异表达的基因;qRT-PCR对差异表达基因进行验证。通过酵母双杂交筛选与玉米pTAC2互作的蛋白质。【结果】共获得15株T₀转基因植株,包括绿色植株（7株）和白色植株（8株）。绿色幼苗中3株为转基因阴性材料,4株为转基因阳性（2株为未编辑,2株为杂合编辑突变）,白色植株(8株)均为转基因阳性纯合编辑。与CK相比,突变体（zmptac2）叶绿体发异常,叶绿素含量显著降低。RNA-seq的结果显示,CK与zmptac2之间共检测到1 367个基因差异表达,其中618个基因上调表达（zmptac2/CK）,749个基因下调表达（zmptac2/CK）。GO富集分析显示,下调基因显著富集到叶绿体和质体中。KEGG分析表明下调表达基因显著富集在苯丙氨酸代谢、酪氨酸代谢和异喹啉生物碱生物合成等途径。选取的15个差异基因表达模式均与测序数据相一致,表明测序结果是可靠的。与CK相比,zmptac2中依赖PEP（plastid-encoded RNA polymerase）转录的基因表达量显著降低,而依赖NEP（nuclear gene-encoded RNA polymerase）转录的基因表达量则显著上升。通过对玉米cDNA文库筛选和互作验证,鉴定出ZmpTAC3与ZmpTAC2存在互作。【结论】ZmpTAC2突变会导致叶绿体早期生物合成受阻,该基因参与叶绿体发育及叶绿素合成,且该种作用是由ZmpTAC2调控PEP相关基因表达而实现的。     

当阳市茶叶产业发展现状与对策建议

茶叶是当阳乡村振兴的特色产业之一，在地理标志公共标识品牌玉泉仙人掌茶的引领下，茶叶经济效益逐年提升。本文通过对当阳茶叶产业发展现状调查与分析，总结存在的问题，提出对策与建议     

Flow alteration and thermal pollution depress modelled growth rates of an iconic riverine fish,the Murray cod Maccullochella peelii

The serial discontinuity concept (SDC) proposes that hypolimnetic‐releasing impoundments cause major disruptions to the naturally occurring physical, chemical and biological gradients of rivers but that this impact diminishes with distance downstream. Such a gradient in discharge, flow velocity and temperature regime occurs below a large hypolimnetic‐releasing impoundment, the Hume Dam, on the River Murray in south‐eastern Australia. To examine the effects of this disturbance gradient on a warm‐water large‐bodied freshwater fish, the Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), a bioenergetics model was developed and calibrated to explore energy expended under differing water velocities and temperature regimes. Model simulations predicted negative growth of juveniles directly downstream of the impoundment, due largely to the energetic costs associated with active and, to a lesser extent, standard metabolism outweighing the achievable energetic gains through food consumption. As flow velocity and temperature regimes became more favourable downstream, so did the simulated growth of the species. It was not until +239 km downstream of the impoundment that the model predicted that flow velocity and temperature regimes were suitable for greater weight gains. The modelled growth responses of juvenile Murray cod are consistent with the predictions of the SDC, emphasising that changes in the bioenergetics of individuals are likely to be reflected in reduced growth rates under the changed flow velocity and temperature regimes imposed by disturbance gradients. This research represents a valuable step in the biological understanding of Murray cod within variable riverine environments and emphasises the urgency required to mitigate impacts associated with hypolimnetic impoundments.     

Performance of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in non-puddled transplanted rainy season rice and its residual effect on growth of the succeeding crop in rice-wheat cropping pattern

Abstract

A study was carried out in sandy clay loam textured soil of Mymensingh, Bangladesh to evaluate weed control efficiency of pre-emergence herbicide pyrazosulfuron-ethyl either alone or in sequential application with post-emergence herbicide in transplanted rainy season rice under non-puddled strip-tilled (NPST) field condition and also to examine the residual effect of those herbicides on germination and growth of the subsequently grown wheat crop. Five treatment combinations of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl were tested against one weedy check and one weed-free check. The study revealed that NPST rice field was mostly infested by grass and sedge weeds and herbicide treatments offered a wide range of control (above 50% to 95%) on all types of weeds. Application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl followed by (fb) orthosulfamuron fb butachlor plus propanil provided the most effective and economic weed control over two years of the study. Moreover, micro-plot bioassay study claimed germination and growth of subsequently grown wheat were not adversely affected by herbicides that were applied in rice. Therefore, application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl followed by post-emergence herbicide could be effective and economic to control weeds in NPST rice under rice-wheat system, but proper rate and time of application should strictly be followed.     

水肥调控对滴灌马铃薯生长、品质及水肥利用的影响

研究生育期土壤水分下限调控和施肥对陕北榆林地区滴灌马铃薯生长、品质和水肥利用的影响,以期探寻马铃薯优质高产的水肥调控模式。以马铃薯紫花白为材料,分别在苗期、块茎形成期、块茎膨大期、淀粉积累期、成熟期设置3个土壤水分调控下限水平:W1(55%、60%、65%、55%、55%)、W2(65%、70%、75%、65%、65%)、W3(75%、80%、85%、75%、75%),4个施肥水平N-P_2O_5-K_2O (kg·hm~(-2))分别为F1(100-40-150 kg·hm~(-2))、F2(150-60-225 kg·hm~(-2))、F3(200-80-300 kg·hm~(-2))、F4(250-100-375 kg·hm~(-2)),共12个处理,在生育期内对马铃薯生长、产量及品质等指标进行观测,分析马铃薯各指标对水肥的响应机制。结果表明:(1)在同一施肥水平下,W2灌水处理的马铃薯生长、产量、品质、水肥利用效率(WUE)均显著高于W1和W3处理。W2处理的平均产量为43 187.15 kg·hm~(-2),比W1和W3分别增加了24.59%和5.26%,淀粉和维生素C含量分别增加了15.32%和6.37%,8.04%和4.66%,WUE分别增加了15.53%和7.54%,肥料偏生产力(PFP)分别增加了21.65%和4.41%。(2)在同一灌水水平下,F3施肥处理的马铃薯生长、产量、WUE均显著高于F1、F2和F4处理,淀粉含量和维生素C含量在F2处理最高。F3处理的平均产量为44 691.32 kg·hm~(-2),比F1、F2和F4处理分别增加了41.79%、10.98%和6.34%。WUE随施肥量的增加均呈抛物线变化趋势,PFP随施肥量增加呈减小趋势,F1处理的PFP平均为108.69 kg·kg~(-1),比F2、F3和F4处理分别显著增加了17.41%、41.06%和87.50%。(3)运用主成分分析法评价马铃薯品质表明,F3W2处理排名第一,是榆林地区马铃薯优质高产的最优水肥组合。